The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.